Quick Reference

NEET Formula Sheet 2026

All key formulas for Physics and Chemistry, organized chapter-wise. Bookmark this page for quick revision before your NEET exam.

📌 Important Physical Constants

G6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N m²/kg²Gravitational constant

g9.8 m/s²Acceleration due to gravity

h6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J·sPlanck's constant

c3 × 10⁸ m/sSpeed of light

e1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ CElectronic charge

me9.1 × 10⁻³¹ kgElectron mass

mp1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kgProton mass

Nₐ6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹Avogadro number

R8.314 J/mol·KGas constant

F96500 C/molFaraday constant

μ₀4π × 10⁻⁷ T·m/APermeability of free space

ε₀8.85 × 10⁻¹² C²/N·m²Permittivity of free space

k9 × 10⁹ N·m²/C²Coulomb's constant (1/4πε₀)

σ5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m²·K⁴Stefan-Boltzmann constant

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Physics Formulas

Kinematics

First equation of motionv = u + at

Second equation of motions = ut + ½at²

Third equation of motionv² = u² + 2as

Range of projectileR = u²sin2θ / g

Max height of projectileH = u²sin²θ / 2g

Time of flightT = 2u sinθ / g

Laws of Motion

Newton's 2nd lawF = ma

ImpulseJ = FΔt = Δp

Friction (kinetic)f = μₖN

Banking angletan θ = v²/rg

Centripetal forceF = mv²/r = mω²r

Work, Energy & Power

Work doneW = Fs cosθ

Kinetic energyKE = ½mv²

Gravitational PEPE = mgh

PowerP = W/t = Fv

Elastic PEU = ½kx²

Work-energy theoremWnet = ΔKE

Rotational Motion

Torqueτ = Iα = r × F

Angular momentumL = Iω = mvr

Rotational KEKE = ½Iω²

Rolling KEKE = ½mv²(1 + I/mr²)

MOI — solid discI = ½MR²

MOI — solid sphereI = (2/5)MR²

MOI — hollow sphereI = (2/3)MR²

MOI — thin rod (centre)I = ML²/12

Parallel axis theoremI = Icm + Md²

Gravitation

Newton's law of gravitationF = Gm₁m₂/r²

Gravitational fieldg = GM/R²

Escape velocityve = √(2gR) = √(2GM/R)

Orbital velocityvo = √(GM/r) = √(gR²/r)

Time period of satelliteT = 2π√(r³/GM)

Gravitational PEU = −GMm/r

Thermodynamics

First lawΔU = Q − W

Work in isothermalW = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)

Work in adiabaticW = (P₁V₁ − P₂V₂)/(γ−1)

Carnot efficiencyη = 1 − T₂/T₁ = 1 − Qc/Qh

Cp − CvCp − Cv = R

Adiabatic relationPVγ = constant

Oscillations & Waves

SHM accelerationa = −ω²x

SHM displacementx = A sin(ωt + φ)

Time period of springT = 2π√(m/k)

Time period of pendulumT = 2π√(L/g)

Wave speedv = fλ

Speed of soundv = √(γP/ρ) = √(γRT/M)

Beat frequencyf_beat = |f₁ − f₂|

Electrostatics

Coulomb's lawF = kq₁q₂/r² (k = 9×10⁹ Nm²/C²)

Electric fieldE = F/q = kQ/r²

Electric potentialV = kQ/r

CapacitanceC = Q/V = ε₀A/d (parallel plate)

Energy stored in capacitorU = ½CV² = Q²/2C

Capacitors in parallelC = C₁ + C₂ + ...

Capacitors in series1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ...

Current Electricity

Ohm's lawV = IR

ResistivityR = ρL/A

PowerP = VI = I²R = V²/R

Resistors in seriesR = R₁ + R₂ + ...

Resistors in parallel1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ...

Wheatstone balanceP/Q = R/S

Internal resistanceE = I(R + r), V = E − Ir

Magnetic Effects

Biot-Savart lawdB = (μ₀/4π) × Idl sinθ / r²

Field at centre of loopB = μ₀I/2R

Ampere's law (solenoid)B = μ₀nI

Force on conductorF = BIL sinθ

Force on chargeF = qvB sinθ

Cyclotron frequencyf = qB/2πm

Optics

Mirror formula1/v + 1/u = 1/f = 2/R

Lens formula1/v − 1/u = 1/f

Magnification (mirror)m = −v/u = f/(f−u)

Snell's lawn₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂

Critical anglesin C = 1/n (denser to rarer)

Fringe width (YDSE)β = λD/d

Lens maker's equation1/f = (n−1)(1/R₁ − 1/R₂)

Atoms, Nuclei & Modern Physics

Photoelectric equationKE_max = hν − φ = eVs

de Broglie wavelengthλ = h/mv = h/p

Bohr radius (nth orbit)rn = n²a₀ (a₀ = 0.529 Å)

Bohr energyEn = −13.6/n² eV

Einstein mass-energyE = mc²

Radioactive decayN = N₀e^(−λt)

Half-lifeT₁/₂ = 0.693/λ

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Chemistry Formulas

Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

Molesn = m/M = V/22.4 (STP)

Number of particlesN = n × Nₐ (Nₐ = 6.022×10²³)

Ideal gas lawPV = nRT (R = 8.314 J/mol·K)

MolarityM = moles of solute / L of solution

Molalitym = moles of solute / kg of solvent

Mole fractionχ_A = n_A / (n_A + n_B)

Thermodynamics & Thermochemistry

First lawΔU = q + w (w = −PΔV)

Hess's lawΔH_rxn = ΣΔH_products − ΣΔH_reactants

Entropy (2nd law)ΔG = ΔH − TΔS

Equilibrium constantΔG° = −RT ln K

Bond enthalpy methodΔH_rxn = ΣBE_reactants − ΣBE_products

Kirchhoff equationΔH₂ = ΔH₁ + ΔCp(T₂ − T₁)

Chemical Equilibrium

Equilibrium constant (Kc)Kc = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

Kp relationKp = Kc(RT)^Δn

Degree of dissociationα = (i−1)/(n−1) for weak electrolytes

Henderson-HasselbalchpH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

pH of weak acidpH = ½(pKa − log C)

pH of strong acidpH = −log[H⁺]

Electrochemistry

Cell EMFE°cell = E°cathode − E°anode

Nernst equationE = E° − (RT/nF) ln Q ≈ E° − (0.059/n) log Q at 25°C

Gibbs & cell EMFΔG° = −nFE°cell

Kohlrausch's lawΛ°m = ν₊λ₊ + ν₋λ₋

Faraday's first lawm = ZIt = (M/nF)It

Faraday constantF = 96500 C/mol

Chemical Kinetics

Rate lawRate = k[A]^m[B]^n

1st order half-lifet₁/₂ = 0.693/k

1st order integratedln[A]t = ln[A]₀ − kt

2nd order half-lifet₁/₂ = 1/(k[A]₀)

Arrhenius equationk = Ae^(−Ea/RT)

Activation energyln(k₂/k₁) = (Ea/R)(1/T₁ − 1/T₂)

Solutions & Colligative Properties

Raoult's lawP = χsolvent × P°solvent

Boiling point elevationΔTb = iKbm

Freezing point depressionΔTf = iKfm

Osmotic pressureπ = iMRT

Van't Hoff factori = 1 + α(n−1) for dissociation

Organic Chemistry — GOC

Degree of unsaturationDBE = (2C + 2 + N − H − X) / 2

Inductive effect order−F > −Cl > −Br > −I (−I effect)

HyperconjugationStability ∝ no. of α−H atoms (alkyl groups)

Carbocation stability3° > 2° > 1° > methyl

Carbanion stabilitymethyl > 1° > 2° > 3°

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Biology — No Formulas, But Key Processes

Biology NEET questions are memory-based rather than formula-based. Focus on: diagram labelling, enzyme names + reactions, Mendelian ratios, molecular biology steps (replication → transcription → translation), and ecology definitions. See our Important Topics guide for Biology.

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